西安人为源VOCs排放特征及其对O3和SOA生成潜势的影响

为研究西安市人为源VOCs（挥发性有机物）对OFP（O₃生成潜势）和SOAFP（二次有机气溶胶生成潜势）的影响,基于西安市环境统计数据和相关统计资料,结合排放因子法和已有的源成分谱,建立西安市人为源VOCs排放清单,并利用最大增量反应活性（MIR）和气溶胶生成系数（FAC）估算各类人为源排放VOCs对O₃和SOA（二次有机气溶胶）的生成贡献.结果表明:①2016年西安市人为源VOCs排放总量为119.187×103 t,其中,溶剂使用源、移动源和工艺过程源是主要的排放源,排放量分别为50.676×103、29.414×103、24.430×103 t. ②2016年西安市各区县VOCs排放总量较大的依次为长安区、雁塔区、未央区和碑林区,排放量分别为15.28×103、12.34×103、11.81×103和10.14×103 t,莲湖区、新城区和灞桥区VOCs排放量大于5×103 t,而阎良区排放量最小. ③2016年西安市总OFP为222.087×103 t,间/对-二甲苯、甲苯、邻-二甲苯等对总OFP的贡献率为72.40%;溶剂使用源对总OFP的贡献率最大,其次是生物质燃烧源,并且生物质燃烧源单位质量VOCs的OFP最强. ④2016年西安市总SOAFP为318.347 t,间/对-二甲苯、甲苯、邻-二甲苯、乙苯等对总SOAFP的贡献率为88.65%;溶剂使用源对总SOAFP的贡献率最大,其次是生物质燃烧源,而且溶剂使用源单位质量VOCs的SOAFP强于其他排放源.研究显示,与其他地区VOCs单位面积排放清单相比,西安市VOCs单位面积排放强度处于中等水平.      

Enhanced degradation of reactive brilliant red X-3B by photocatalysis integrated with micro-electrolysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The microwave electrodeless lamp UV photocatalysis (MWUV) integrated with iron carbon micro-electrolysis (ME) was applied to degrade reactive...     

Investigation into the content and formation of trihalomethanes and molecular change of dissolved organic matter from a typical water plant in south China

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are a class of disinfection by-products that were proved to have adverse effects to human health. Investigation into its content change and molecular composition variation of its main precursor, which is believed to be dissolved organic matter (DOM) during water purification process, can help understand the formation mechanism of THMs and optimize the processes in drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). This is of great significance to ensure the safety of urban water supply. In this study, detailed changes of THMs’ content and formation potential were determined during the water purification process in summer and winter at a typical DWTP in south China. Specific molecular composition changes of DOM were also characterized by ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry, to comprehensively study its correlation with the formation of THMs in different water processing units and seasons. The result showed that chlorination will cause drastic changes of water quality and a sharp increase in the concentration of THMs (18.7 times in summer and 13.9 times in winter). Molecular-level characterization of DOM indicates that a range of lignin-like substance with lower O/C (<?0.5) and H/C (<?1.25) vanished and considerable amount of protein-like and tannins-like substance with higher H/C (>?1.25) and O/C (>?0.5) was formed after chlorination. Analysis of Cl-containing products demonstrated that a bulk of CHOCl₁ and CHOCl₂ compounds with moderate molecular weights were formed in both winter and summer. However, the newly formed CHOCl₁ molecules showed a relatively higher mass weight in summer (>?500 Da) compared to winter (300–500 Da). Seasonal differences also emerged in the result of correlation between the trihalomethanes formation potential and total organic carbon. The correlation coefficient in summer (0.500) was lower than that in winter (0.843). The results suggested that the exhaustive reaction and contribution of DOM to THMs may vary in different seasons.

     

燃煤发电厂采煤样机精密度性能检验

为确保燃煤发电厂入厂煤及入炉煤质量,采到具有代表性的煤样,通过改变采样单元、采样次数、采样时间间隔参数和采样方法等手段,对火车、汽车、皮带采煤样机精密度进行验证。结果表明:其精密度均达到国家标准对采煤样机精密度的要求。     

Cu2O/N-CMK-3的制备及其光催化性能

以Cu2O与氮掺杂有序介孔碳(N-CMK-3)为原料,采用沉淀法制备了氧化亚铜氮掺杂有序介孔碳(Cu2O/N-CMK-3)复合光催化剂,并通过XRD、SEM、TEM、UV-Vis DRS和XPS对光催化剂进行了表征.研究了可见光下Cu2O/N-CMK-3对四环素的光催化降解活性及主要活性物种.实验结果表明:当可见光辐照...     

熔融铜渣中的金属提取及尾渣制矿棉探索试验

目前铜渣资源化利用主要采用选矿法,处理后仍有大量尾渣无法有效利用。故将铜渣视为含有铜铁金属、高氧化硅无机材料且含高热值的资源,对铜渣进行资源化处理。熔融条件下对铜渣进行还原处理回收含铜铸铁,尾渣用于制备矿棉,实现了熔融铜渣的高附加值利用。该技术处理铜渣产品附加值高、能耗低,且具备一定的市场空间,具有较好的发展前景,可进行推广应用。     

Biolog和PCR-DGGE技术解析椒江口沉积物微生物多样性

采用Biolog和PCR-DGGE技术对椒江口6个站位表层沉积物群落水平的微生物代谢功能和以16S rRNA基因标记的细菌遗传多样性进行分析,并对其代谢功能和群落结构与沉积物污染物等参数进行冗余梯度分析(Redundancy gradient analysis,RDA)和典范对应分析(Canonicalcorrespondence analysis,CCA).Biolog分析结果表明,微生物群落整体代谢活性由高到低的顺序为:潮间带(B1、B2)、入海口处(A3)>入海口内(A1、A2)>入海口外(A4);碳源代谢的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数范围为2.09～3.25,由高到低的顺序为:潮间带(B1、B2)、入海口处(A3)>河道内(A1)>近入海口处(A2)>入海口外(A4);潮间带、入海口处及河道内的微生物对各类碳源的相对利用率较平均,而近入海口处和入海口外的微生物群落对聚合物的相对利用率较高,对氨基酸类和胺类的相对利用率较低.DGGE图谱分析表明,细菌群落结构沿河口盐度梯度存在空间异质性,但两潮间带站位的相似度高(82.27%);遗传基因的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数范围为1.68～2.87,由高到低的顺序为:潮间带>入海口处>入海口外>近入海口处>河道内.群落代谢功能与理化因子的RDA显示,有机质和硝基苯的分布能较好地解释微生物群落代谢功能的变化;群落遗传结构与理化因子的CCA显示,硝基苯和多环芳烃的分布能较好地解释细菌群落遗传结构的变化.综上结果认为,椒江口沉积物的微生物代谢及遗传多样性符合典型的河口特征,但入海口内微生物沉积环境已表现出对某些化工污染物的响应.     

植物油布的自燃火灾特性和抑制效果研究

为探究植物油布的自燃危险性,利用TG-DSC热重分析技术讨论其自燃火灾特性及防老剂对其的抑制效果.结果表明:油布混合样品的特征温度分别为171.7℃,380.7℃,466.7℃和555.0℃,根据特征温度将油布氧化过程划分为5个阶段:低温氧化阶段、前期燃烧阶段、混合燃烧阶段、后期燃烧阶段和燃尽阶段;植物油活化能大小顺序...     

新型复合垃圾衍生燃料的制备及性能分析

为了提高城市生活垃圾资源化利用的效率,采用室温冷压有粘结剂成型的方法将城市生活垃圾和煤按一定的配比制成新型复合垃圾衍生燃料,研究了成型压力、配比对衍生燃料的热稳定性、机械强度、粘结性以及发热量的影响.试验结果表明,在生活垃圾中加入煤可有效改善衍生燃料性能,增加其热值,在成型压力为25 MPa,煤配比为20%时复合衍生燃料的性能最优.